2025 NPACT School

Nov 24, 2025, 1:00 PM → Dec 5, 2025, 1:30 PM Europe/Oslo

University of Stavanger

The 2025 NPACT Ph.D. School will be held at the University of Stavanger from November 24 to December 5, 2025.

The school is intended for Ph.D. students and early-career researchers who wish to deepen their understanding of topics developed within the Norwegian Particle, Astroparticle and Cosmology Theory (NPACT) network. It offers a stimulating and collegial environment where participants can broaden their scientific horizons, present their current research, and build collaborative connections.

 

Lectures and speakers:

This year, the lectures and speakers are:

• Dark matter -- T. Bringmann (U. of Oslo)
• Thermal history of the universe -- H. Kolesova (U. of Stavanger)
• Cosmological phase transitions and thermal particle production -- M. Laine (U. of Bern)
• Physics of neutron stars -- A. Kurkela (U. of Stavanger)
• Mapping the theory space: Bayesian and frequentist global fit -- A. Kvellestad (UiO) 
• Gravitational waves and data analysis -- A. Nielsen (U. of Stavanger)
• Effective field theories and applications in particle physics -- A. E. Thomsen (U. of Bern)
  
  
  
  

Practical information:

There is no attendance fee.

The school provides free accommodation to a limited number of participants requesting financial in the registration form. Some priority is given to those that apply first, but not later than Oct. 14th.

Participants enrolled in a Norwegian Ph.D. program may earn 5 or 10 ECTS credits by supplementing school attendance with additional coursework. Interested individuals should contact the organizers as early as possible.

The school is only for in-person attendance.

 

About NPACT and the sponsor:

The NPACT network was established in 2017 and counts around 40 scientists from 10 institutions. NPACT is further connected to like-minded networks across the Nordic countries and beyond.

The school is supported by the University of Stavanger, which is a founding member of NPACT and hosts the largest PACT-activity in Norway.  

 

Mon, November 24

1:00 PM → 1:30 PM Registration

1:30 PM → 2:00 PM Welcome and introduction

2:00 PM → 2:45 PM Effective field theories and applications in particle physics

2:45 PM → 3:15 PM Coffee break

3:15 PM → 4:00 PM Effective field theories and applications in particle physics

4:15 PM → 5:15 PM Thermal history of the Universe

5:15 PM → 6:25 PM Student talks 1

5:15 PM Limits of EFTs at finite temperature for strong phase transitions

Phase transitions are violent and interesting phenomena that could have occurred in the early universe. Possible techniques to study these phenomena can be used in the presence of a hierarchy of scales, leading to the construction of finite temperature Effective Field Theories by integrating out heavier scales. These EFTs are reliable when the dynamics are mainly encoded in the most relevant operators. I will discuss the limits of such EFTs, showing how higher-dimensional operators affect the prediction of stronger transitions, including those detectable by LISA. These considerations impact the applicability of effective theory techniques, including their use in lattice studies.

Speaker: Fabio Bernardo

Presentation_NPACT_FABIO_BERNARDO.pdf

5:30 PM State-of-the-Art Cosmological Limits on Axion–Lepton Couplings

We present an updated cosmological analysis of axion–lepton interactions, combining recent Planck CMB measurements with Baryon Acoustic Oscillation data from DESI DR2. Our approach incorporates non-thermal axion momentum distributions obtained by solving the full phase-space Boltzmann equation, allowing for a precise determination of axion abundance and energy density. We show that the resulting cosmological bounds on both lepton-flavor-conserving and flavor-violating couplings are significantly stronger than those derived from the traditional ∆Neff constraint. For axion masses above 0.1 eV, cosmology provides the most stringent existing limits, outperforming collider and astrophysical bounds in several channels. These results illustrate how high-precision cosmological data can probe particle interactions far beyond the energy reach of laboratory experiments.

Speaker: Mr Krzysztof Szafrański (University Of Warsaw, Faculty of Physcis)

Szafranski_NPACT_2025.pdf

5:45 PM Gravitational-wave signatures of leptogenesis

For my master thesis, I will explore a procedure outlined in recent research for obtaining a stochastic GW spectrum from inflaton decay. The inflaton decays in two-body decay (inflaton to two RH neutrinos) and three-body decay (inflaton to two RH neutrinos + graviton). The gravitons produced in the inflaton are then interpreted classically as GWs. The criterion for non-thermal leptogenesis that the RH neutrino masses be greater than the reheating temperature, as well as the perturbativity condition of the Type I seesaw mechanism, then provide some bounds on the observable frequencies.

The aforementioned paper assumes that the RH neutrinos have equal mass. My aim is to generalize this to the case of hierarchical neutrino masses, and perhaps also explore the possibility of production of dark matter simultaneously.

Speaker: Mr Torstein Sjåstad (University of Bergen)

PresentationStavanger (2).pdf

6:25 PM → 8:25 PM Monday's pizza gathering

Tue, November 25

9:00 AM → 9:45 AM Cosmological phase transitions and thermal particle production

See "outdoor options" tab on the left

9:45 AM → 10:15 AM Coffee break

10:15 AM → 11:00 AM Cosmological phase transitions and thermal particle production

See "outdoor options" tab on the left

11:15 AM → 12:15 PM Thermal history of the Universe

2:00 PM → 2:45 PM Effective field theories and applications in particle physics

2:45 PM → 3:15 PM Coffee break

3:15 PM → 4:00 PM Effective field theories and applications in particle physics

4:00 PM → 5:30 PM Exercises

Wed, November 26

9:00 AM → 9:45 AM Cosmological phase transitions and thermal particle production

See "outdoor options" tab on the left

9:45 AM → 10:15 AM Coffee break

10:15 AM → 11:00 AM Cosmological phase transitions and thermal particle production

See "outdoor options" tab on the left

11:15 AM → 12:15 PM Thermal history of the Universe

2:00 PM → 2:45 PM Effective field theories and applications in particle physics

2:45 PM → 3:15 PM Coffee break

3:15 PM → 4:00 PM Effective field theories and applications in particle physics

4:00 PM → 5:30 PM Exercises

6:15 PM → 8:15 PM Orienteering + refreshments afterwards

Thu, November 27

9:00 AM → 9:45 AM Cosmological phase transitions and thermal particle production

See "outdoor options" tab on the left

9:45 AM → 10:15 AM Coffee break

10:15 AM → 11:00 AM Cosmological phase transitions and thermal particle production

See "outdoor options" tab on the left

11:15 AM → 12:15 PM Thermal history of the Universe

2:00 PM → 2:45 PM Effective field theories and applications in particle physics

2:45 PM → 3:15 PM Coffee break

3:15 PM → 4:00 PM Effective field theories and applications in particle physics

4:00 PM → 5:30 PM Exercises

Fri, November 28

9:00 AM → 9:45 AM Mapping the theory space: Bayesian and frequentist global fit

9:45 AM → 10:15 AM Coffee break

10:15 AM → 11:00 AM Mapping the theory space: Bayesian and frequentist global fit

11:15 AM → 12:15 PM Mapping the theory space: Bayesian and frequentist global fit

2:00 PM → 2:45 PM Cosmological phase transitions and thermal particle production

See "outdoor options" tab on the left

2:45 PM → 3:15 PM Coffee break

3:15 PM → 4:00 PM Cosmological phase transitions and thermal particle production

See "outdoor options" tab on the left

4:00 PM → 5:30 PM Exercises

Sat, November 29

9:00 AM → 5:00 PM Organised social programme: Hike if the weather permits

Sun, November 30

9:00 AM → 5:00 PM Free time (or maybe hike if not possible on Saturday). Some options: Christamas market, indoor rock climbing, ice skating, ...

Mon, December 1

9:00 AM → 9:45 AM Gravitational waves and data analysis

9:45 AM → 10:15 AM Coffee break

10:15 AM → 11:00 AM Gravitational waves and data analysis

11:10 AM → 12:20 PM Student's talks 2: Second part

11:10 AM Cosmic Voids and the CMB: Testing ΛCDM in the Era of AI-Assisted Cosmology

Although the current consensus ΛCDM model of the Universe successfully explains a wide range of observations, it continues to face persistent tensions, such as the Hubble tension, evidence for time-evolving dark energy (e.g., DESI results), and other anomalous findings. In this talk, I will present a concise review of cosmic voids, the largest observable structures in the Universe, and their influence on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) through gravitational lensing. I will highlight their use as probes to test the ΛCDM cosmological model and General Relativity on the largest scales. Building on this, I will show that using data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 and Planck CMB convergence ($\kappa$) maps, we measure a lensing amplitude of $A_{k}$ = 1.03 ± 0.22 ($4.6\sigma$) for Voxel (3D) voids and $A_{k}$ = 1.02 ± 0.17 ($5.9\sigma$) for 2D projected voids, both consistent with ΛCDM predictions. By inverting the void-finding process to identify superclusters, we obtain $A_{k}$ = 0.87 ± 0.15 ($5.9\sigma$), demonstrating excellent agreement with ΛCDM simulations. While our lensing measurements show strong consistency with ΛCDM, the model's persistent tensions (like the Hubble tension) suggest that new approaches are required. For this reason, I will also discuss work from my recent Cosmoverse STSM mobility exploring how emerging artificial intelligence methodologies such as natural language processing, hypothesis generation, abstract classification, meta-analysis techniques and AI agents for scientific discovery frameworks like CMBAgents/Denario, can contribute to addressing long-standing cosmological challenges, including the Hubble tension.

Speaker: Dr Umut Emek Demirbozan (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)

Umut_Npact_2025.pdf

11:25 AM Signatures of strong gravity with photon rings and shadows of compact objects

This PhD project investigates strong-field gravity through optical signatures—such as black hole shadows and photon rings—produced by compact objects with accretion disks. These features encode spacetime geometry and offer observational means to identify deviations from General Relativity (GR). The research investigates both classical black holes and horizonless exotic objects arising in theoretical frameworks beyond classical GR. Using a multidisciplinary approach, the project combines analytical modeling, numerical ray-tracing simulations, and image analysis to evaluate theoretical predictions against current and future VLBI data. The work is structured around three objectives: (1) theoretical characterization of compact objects in alternative gravity theories; (2) analysis of shadow properties and associated observables; and (3) accretion disk modeling and simulations. A key aim is to identify robust features that distinguish black holes from exotic alternatives. This research will contribute to high-resolution astrophysics and advance our ability to test gravity and probe compact objects in extreme regimes.

Speaker: Luís Silva (Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa / Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço)

Luis Silva Pres NPACT.pdf

11:55 AM Probing Gravity Across Scales

As one of the most prevailing frameworks for the earliest stages of the universe, Inflation efficiently addresses some of the long-standing cosmological puzzles, such as the horizon and flatness problems. It provides a compelling mechanism for the origin of primordial perturbations, linking gravitational dynamics to observable cosmological markers. Examined here in the Einstein-Cartan extension of General Relativity, I will discuss potential chiral gravitational phenomena.
At later epochs, the universe evolves into a non-linear web of halos, cosmic filaments, and voids. At this stage, the relation between the geometry and matter distribution can be explored through gravitational weak lensing. I will explain the filament-based description of the lensing field as a marker of higher-order statistical information.
Finally, we often speak of a “precision cosmology” era, yet across the fields, our data remain far from precise. I will briefly mention some of the challenges and prospects regarding my projects.

Speaker: Mehraveh Nikjoo (University of Gdansk)

Gravity-Mehraveh-Nikjoo.pdf

2:00 PM → 2:45 PM Dark matter

2:45 PM → 3:15 PM Coffee break

3:15 PM → 4:00 PM Dark matter

4:15 PM → 5:35 PM Student's talks 3

4:15 PM Inflationary dynamics of non-minimally coupled f(R) matter-curvature theories

This study examines how inflationary dynamics are affected by $f(R)$-theories with a non-minimal coupling between matter and curvature. Both positive and negative corrections to the minimal coupling of General Relativity are considered, and a robust numerical method is developed that evolves the metric and the inflaton field in this modified theory beyond slow-roll. Through a stability analysis, we find that positive models are inherently unstable during slow-roll, whereas negative ones can accommodate a stable attractor de Sitter solution. Using the amplitude of the scalar power spectrum from the latest data releases, we constrain the scale of the non-minimal coupling to be above $10^{13}$ GeV. In light of the 2018 Planck, BICEP/Keck and the recent Atacama Cosmology Telescope data for the scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio, strong constraints on the coupling strength force the effects of these modified theories to be, at most, slightly above the perturbative level. Furthermore, we determine that the choice of the perfect fluid matter Lagrangian does not impact the inflationary observables at the pivot scale. Finally, we present the predicted observables for different inflationary potentials and show that even though classical gravity is still preferred by the data, there are areas of the parameter space that are viable for non-minimally coupled inflationary models.

Speaker: Miguel Barroso Varela (Centro de Física do Porto - University of Porto)

NPACT_School_2025_Presentation.pdf

4:30 PM A Disformal Affair: How Dark Matter Mimics Lorentz Violation

Complementary to modified theories of gravity, disformal transformations provide a useful bridge onto particle physics. Examining their action on Dirac spinors offers a compelling intersection between cosmology, effective field theory, dark matter, and apparent Lorentz violations.

Speaker: Apostolos Tsampodimos (FTMC)

presentation.pdf

4:45 PM Dark pions at next-to-leading order

QCD-like theories are of interest in various areas of beyond-Standard-Model phenomenology, including composite Higgs models and strongly interacting pionic dark matter. The low-energy effective field theories provide a framework for describing the dynamics of such strongly coupled gauge theories.
In this work, we present next-to-leading order (NLO) expressions for masses, condensates, decay constants, and scattering amplitudes in the chiral expansion of QCD-like theories with $N_F=2$ quarks of different masses in both real and pseudoreal representations. These results offer a systematic approach for analyzing the impact of NLO corrections in such theories.
We apply the NLO formulas for masses, decay constants, and the scattering length to fit existing lattice spectroscopic and scattering data, extracting the NLO low-energy constants (LECs) of the $SU(4)\to Sp(4)$ theory. With these estimates, we refine previous NLO analyses and confirm that NLO contributions play a crucial role in determining the viable parameter space for strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP) dark matter.

Speaker: Mr Daniil Krichevskiy (University of Stavanger)

Krichevskiy.pdf

5:00 PM The SIMP and the Vector Meson

The so-called "strongly interacting massive particles" (SIMPs) refer to a class of dark matter candidates with the relic abundance set by the 3-to-2 interactions which allows for dark matter with sub-GeV masses, not yet strongly constrained by direct detection experiments. Interestingly, SIMP dark matter features relatively strong self-interactions that may explain the small-scale structure puzzles. We investigate the realisation of SIMP models where dark pions form dark matter, protected from decay by dark flavour symmetries. We observe that the freeze-out mechanism for the dark pions depends sensitively on the masses of heavier states present, such as dark vector mesons. We improve on existing results by using recent lattice simulations connecting the masses of dark pions and vector mesons.

Speaker: Halvor Melkild (University of Oslo)

melkild_npactschool.pdf

5:15 PM Investigation of Tidal Disruption Events using neutrino multi-messenger analysis

The project aims to investigate the origins of high-energy (HE) neutrinos and the role of tidally disrupted events (TDEs) as potential candidates for HE neutrino sources. It focuses on studying multi-wavelength correlations and estimating the neutrino energies. TDEs are unique transient phenomena that occur when a main-sequence star is torn apart by the gravitational pull of a nearby massive black hole (BH). As the stellar material of the star accretes onto the black hole, powerful shocks are generated due to the back-and-forth infall of plasma. This violent process transforms TDEs into natural laboratories for particle acceleration, with luminosities that reach 10^43 erg/s. The shocks and nonthermal emissions result in flares observed in the X-rays, UV, and optical bands. As a result, these sources are considered potential candidates for producing ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and high-energy neutrinos.

Using multi-wavelength observations, including optical, X-ray, and radio data, we aim to investigate the nature of these jets to constrain their energy and emission mechanisms, enabling further analysis of the particle acceleration processes responsible for cosmic neutrino production. Furthermore, we will use multi-wavelength properties to perform temporal and spatial studies with KM3NeT data. For this study, archival databases will provide multi-wavelength analysis data, while state-of-the-art KM3NeT facilities will supply HE neutrino data.

KM3NeT (Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope), located in the Mediterranean Sea, hosts the next-generation neutrino telescopes: ARCA near Sicily and ORCA near Toulon. We will use ARCA to observe TeV-PeV very high-energy neutrinos, leveraging its track-like event angular resolution of 0.1 degrees. This will play an instrumental role in identifying TDEs. This study has the potential to address a decades-long puzzle in neutrino astronomy—unravelling the origins and mechanisms behind HE neutrino production. In addition, the findings could provide concrete evidence linking specific TDE events and strengthening their role as cosmic accelerators. The implications of this research extend across various cosmic accelerators, contributing to the understanding of fundamental particle acceleration in active galactic nuclei (AGN), gamma-ray bursts, and compact objects.

Speaker: Kalyani Chaitnya Kumar Mehta (AGH University of Karkow)

Winter_School_NPACT2025.pdf

6:00 PM → 8:10 PM Monday's pizza gathering

Tue, December 2

9:00 AM → 9:45 AM Dark matter

9:45 AM → 10:15 AM Coffee break

10:15 AM → 11:00 AM Dark matter

11:00 AM → 12:30 PM Student's talks 4

11:15 AM A search for dark photons using lasers at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source Laboratory

Dark photons are hypothetical particles that could connect the visible universe with a hidden dark sector. In this presentation, I propose a novel search strategy using the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). The idea is to produce dark photons via Inverse Compton scattering between laser photons and the 3 GeV electron beam at the LNLS. Using photon counting techniques, we estimate the experiment's sensitivity for detecting dark photons in an unexplored region of parameter space. This setup could mark the first Latin American initiative to directly probe dark sectors with competitive reach.

Speaker: Silvia Lucia Correa Angel (UIO - UFRN - IIP)

NPACT_2025.pdf

11:30 AM Testing Non-Minimal Coupling Across Astrophysical Scales

Non-minimal coupling between dark matter and gravity introduce a theoretically motivated extension to the standard ΛCDM framework, preserving its successful large-scale behavior while allowing scale-dependent deviations in the gravitational potential of bound structures. In this talk, I present observational constraints on a non-minimal coupling scenario, parameterized by a coupling scale L, using two distinct astrophysical environments. First, I analyze galaxy clusters from the CLASH survey via joint strong and weak lensing, examining how the coupling influences the halo properties and potential correlations between L and standard dark matter halo parameters. Then I extend my investigation to ultra-diffuse galaxies DF2, DF4, and DF44 to test whether low surface brightness systems exhibit detectable signatures of the coupling. By comparing results across these scales, I assess the current viability of a non-minimal coupling as an extension to ΛCDM.

Speaker: Saboura sadat Zamani (University of Szczecin)

Saboura_Zamani_NPACT.pdf

11:45 AM Preheating in first-order phase transitions in the early Universe

Preheating refers to a well-known set of phenomena, such as tachyonic instability and parametric resonance, associated with the dynamics of a scalar field, typically in the context of post-inflationary reheating. In this talk, I will explore the possibility of preheating-like amplification of fluctuations of a scalar field following an electroweak first-order phase transition, which, unlike inflation, does not involve a homogeneous inflaton background but instead occurs through nucleation and growth of true-vacuum bubbles against a false vacuum background.

Speaker: Mateusz Kulejewski (University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics)

Preheating after strongly supercooled first-order phase transitions.pdf

12:00 PM Constraining the Dark Sector with Cosmological Large-Scale Structure Observations

Understanding the intersection of particle physics and cosmology – dark matter – is a crucial open question in physics and cosmology. Here the goal is to construct a pipeline in which the implications of different dark matter models – from their particle nature to cosmological observations of large-scale structure (LSS) – can be systematically studied. Specifically, studying the (late-time) evolution of structure using Lyman-α data and, moreover, derive constraints on the particle nature of dark matter and extended dark sectors. This requires the usage of large simulations, novel methods in the realm of effective field theory of large scale structure (EFTofLSS), as well as understanding observational limitations and constraints. I will provide an overview over the most important open questions and how we plan to tackle each of them.

Speaker: Tim-Leon Klocke (University of Oslo)

Klocke_Constraining-the-Dark-Sector-LSS.pdf

2:00 PM → 2:45 PM Dark matter

2:45 PM → 3:15 PM Coffee break

3:15 PM → 4:00 PM Dark matter

4:00 PM → 5:30 PM Exercises

Wed, December 3

9:00 AM → 9:45 AM Dark matter

9:45 AM → 10:15 AM Coffee break

10:15 AM → 11:00 AM Dark matter

11:10 AM → 12:20 PM Student's talks 5

11:10 AM Forecast for the future detection of gravitational waves coming from supercooled phase transition

Detecting gravitational waves (GW) has given us new possibilities to probe the Universe. In this
talk, I will focus on the prospects of GW detection coming from cosmological supercooled phase
transition (PT) with the future generation of detectors, i.e. LISA/ET. Observation of such an event
will give us information about the physics of the early Universe.
In the standard model (SM), there is no cosmological PT, that could produce GW. But many extensions of SM predict that PT might have happened. So determining the correct model might be a
non-trivial task after such a detection.
In this talk specifically, I will focus on the possibilities of reconstruction of the thermodynamic
parameters and scalar field decay rate, which in particular might help to determine the correct model
of the supercooled PT.

Speaker: Adam Gonstal (University of Warsaw)

NPACT2025_adam_gonstal.pdf

11:25 AM The Pairing Gap of Phase-quenched QCD

At finite density and temperature, phase-quenched lattice simulations combined with perturbation theory provide a new precision approach to determine the thermodynamics of QCD in a wide arc of the phase-diagram where the strong coupling $\alpha_s$ remains small. However, in the cold and dense regime, phase-quenched lattice simulations exhibit a non-perturbative ground state due to quark pairing, which limits the applicability of this precision approach. In the weak coupling limit, the pairing pattern of the ground state is discussed and an estimate for the critical temperature is presented.

Speaker: Leon Sandbote (University of Helsinki)

Stavanger_presentation.pdf

11:40 AM Energy Correlators in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Quark-gluon plasma (QGP) exists at temperatures of the order of 10^12 K (hundreds of MeV) and it is just a part of the larger QCD phase diagram. In current experiments, QGP is produced and studied colliding large nuclei (e.g. Lead-Lead) in the so called 'heavy-ion collisions' primarily carried on LHC and RHIC. Characterizing the various stages of the heavy-ion collisions is of utmost importance to understand the process of thermalization of strongly interacting matter, and to unravel the emergent properties of the QGP. There are several active lines of research with different approaches on how to study the QGP properties, but in this presentation I will mainly focus on how Jets are modified when traversing a colored medium or 'jet-quenching'. To be precise, I will discuss a novel approach that aims to study Energy Correlators within a jet cone which hopefully will give access to jet substructure modifications.

Speaker: Mr Narcis Neher (Bergen University (UiB))

Energy_Correlators_NarcisNM.pdf

11:55 AM Holomorphic cutting rules and unitarity relation for CP asymmetries

In this contribution, we emphasize the importance of the unitarity relation and $CP$ invariants in the computation of $CP$ asymmetries. We employ a diagrammatic approach based on holomorphic cutting rules, in which vacuum diagrams play a central role in systematically identifying all relevant asymmetry-generating processes. As a demonstration, we consider asymmetric semi-annihilations of a $Z(3)$-symmetric dark matter candidate into long-lived Standard-Model-sector particles.

Speaker: Viktor Zaujec (Comenius University in Bratislava)

Zaujec_NPACT25.pdf

2:00 PM → 2:45 PM Gravitational waves and data analysis

2:45 PM → 3:15 PM Coffee break

3:15 PM → 4:00 PM Gravitational waves and data analysis

4:00 PM → 5:30 PM Exercises

Thu, December 4

9:00 AM → 9:45 AM Gravitational waves and data analysis

9:45 AM → 10:15 AM Coffee break

10:15 AM → 11:00 AM Gravitational waves and data analysis

11:15 AM → 12:15 PM Exercises

2:00 PM → 2:45 PM Physics of neutron stars

2:45 PM → 3:15 PM Coffee break

3:15 PM → 4:00 PM Physics of neutron stars

4:00 PM → 5:30 PM Exercises

Fri, December 5

9:00 AM → 9:45 AM Physics of neutron stars

9:45 AM → 10:15 AM Coffee break

10:15 AM → 11:00 AM Physics of neutron stars

11:00 AM → 12:00 PM Exercises

1:00 PM → 1:30 PM Final discussion and farewell with a cake at the 5th floor